Entity Node

Entity Node is a fixed-length 4-word (64-bit) packet in the GEUL stream that identifies entities (people, places, objects, organizations, concepts, etc.).

SIDX Essence

Examples:

• Trump (real estate businessman) → SIDX_A
• Trump (president) → SIDX_B (different SIDX)
• “Human + Male + Korea” → abstract “Korean man”
• “Human + Male + Korea + 1946 + Business + …” → nearly a specific individual

Design Principles

Abandoning embedded Q-ID:

• Invest all bits in pure semantic alignment
• Maximize WMS SIMD filtering performance
• Q-IDs are linked separately via Triple Edge: (Entity_SIDX, P-externalID, "Q12345")

No Serial bits needed:

• WMS queries use a two-stage process: SIMD range narrowing → detail check within range
• Serial numbers are meaningless digits that contribute nothing to SIMD
• Investing those bits in semantic alignment narrows results further in stage 1

Bit Layout (4 words = 64 bits)

1st WORD (16 bits)
┌─────────┬──────┬────────────┐
│ Prefix  │ Mode │ EntityType │
│  7bit   │ 3bit │   6bit     │
└─────────┴──────┴────────────┘

2nd WORD (16 bits)
┌─────────────────────────────┐
│    Attributes upper 16 bits │
└─────────────────────────────┘

3rd WORD (16 bits)
┌─────────────────────────────┐
│   Attributes middle 16 bits │
└─────────────────────────────┘

4th WORD (16 bits)
┌─────────────────────────────┐
│    Attributes lower 16 bits │
└─────────────────────────────┘

Mode (3 bits)

Mode unifies quantification and number of an entity into 3 bits.

Registered Entity (Mode=0)

• Entities mapped to external IDs such as Wikidata Q-IDs or WordNet Synsets
• Q-IDs are linked via triples: (Entity_SIDX, P-externalID, "Q12345")
• Unrelated to grammatical number: Samsung is “one entity” but awkward to call singular; BTS is a group but a single entity

Pronoun/Abstract (Mode=1~7)

• Semantic range is specified by EntityType + Attributes
• More bits filled → more specific
• Example: Human(Type) + Male(Attr) + Korea(Attr) = “Korean man”

EntityType (6 bits = 64 types)

64 top-level types are assigned based on Wikidata P31 (instance of) frequency statistics. Detailed subclassification is handled by subtype bits within Attributes.

Code Table (all 64)

Attributes (48 bits)

A type-specific variable schema interpreted differently for each EntityType. More bits are allocated to high-frequency attributes, and it is directly used for WMS SIMD filtering.

Human (0x00) Attributes

┌──────────┬────────┬────────┬──────┬────────┬────────┬─────────┬──────────┬────────────┬──────────┐
│ Subtype  │ Occup. │ Nation │ Era  │ Decade │ Gender │ Notab.  │ Language │ BirthArea  │  Field   │
│  5bit    │  6bit  │  8bit  │ 4bit │  4bit  │  2bit  │  3bit   │  6bit    │   6bit     │   4bit   │
└──────────┴────────┴────────┴──────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┴──────────┴────────────┴──────────┘
offset:  0        5       11      19     23      27      29        32         38          44

Star (0x0C) Attributes

┌────────────┬────────────┬──────────┬──────────┬────────┬────────┬──────────┬──────────┬────────┬────────┐
│ Constell.  │ SpectType  │ LumClass │ AppMag   │  RA    │  Dec   │  Flags   │ RadVel   │Redshift│Parallax│
│   7bit     │    4bit    │   3bit   │  4bit    │  4bit  │  4bit  │   6bit   │   5bit   │  5bit  │  4bit  │
└────────────┴────────────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────┴────────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────┴────────┘

Flag bit definitions:

• bit0: IR (infrared source)
• bit1: Radio (radio source)
• bit2: X-ray (X-ray source)
• bit3: Binary (binary star)
• bit4: Variable (variable star)
• bit5: HighPM (high proper motion)

Operations

Entity Creation

def make_entity(
    mode: int,           # 3 bits
    entity_type: int,    # 6 bits
    attrs: int           # 48 bits
) -> bytes:
    PREFIX = 0b0001001   # 7 bits (Entity Node)

    word1 = (PREFIX << 9) | (mode << 6) | entity_type
    word2 = (attrs >> 32) & 0xFFFF
    word3 = (attrs >> 16) & 0xFFFF
    word4 = attrs & 0xFFFF

    return (
        word1.to_bytes(2, 'big') +
        word2.to_bytes(2, 'big') +
        word3.to_bytes(2, 'big') +
        word4.to_bytes(2, 'big')
    )

Entity Parsing

def parse_entity(data: bytes) -> dict:
    word1 = int.from_bytes(data[0:2], 'big')
    word2 = int.from_bytes(data[2:4], 'big')
    word3 = int.from_bytes(data[4:6], 'big')
    word4 = int.from_bytes(data[6:8], 'big')

    prefix = (word1 >> 9) & 0x7F
    mode = (word1 >> 6) & 0x7
    entity_type = word1 & 0x3F
    attrs = (word2 << 32) | (word3 << 16) | word4

    return {
        'prefix': prefix,
        'mode': mode,
        'entity_type': entity_type,
        'attrs': attrs
    }

Examples

Registered Entity: Yi Sun-sin

# Yi Sun-sin (Q211789)
yi_sun_sin = make_entity(
    mode=0,              # Registered entity
    entity_type=0x00,    # Human
    attrs=(
        (0x06 << 43) |   # Subtype: Military
        (0x01 << 37) |   # Occupation: Admiral
        (0x52 << 29) |   # Nationality: Korea
        (0x5 << 25) |    # Era: Early Modern
        (0x0 << 21) |    # Decade: 1540s
        (0x01 << 19) |   # Gender: Male
        (0x7 << 16)      # Notability: 1000+
    )
)
# Q-ID link: Triple(yi_sun_sin_SIDX, P-externalID, "Q211789")

Abstract: “every Korean man”

all_korean_men = make_entity(
    mode=4,              # Universal (every)
    entity_type=0x00,    # Human
    attrs=(
        (0x52 << 29) |   # Nationality: Korea
        (0x01 << 19)     # Gender: Male
    )
)

Subtype Mapping

Many Wikidata types are subtypes of the 64 EntityTypes. The encoder inspects the P31 value and routes to the appropriate parent type.

Coverage

Q-ID Linking

Entity Node does not embed Q-IDs internally. Instead, they are linked separately via Triple Edge.

Subject:  Entity_SIDX (64 bits)
Property: P-externalID (e.g., P-Wikidata)
Object:   "Q12345" (string or integer)